ABSTRACT This study is dedicated to the development of a methodology based on supervised machine learning for soybean classification and justified as technological innovation to predict whether soybean classification is in the standard or non-standard established by normative instruction No. 11/2007 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Food Supply (MAPA). This study aimed to develop a website using supervised machine learning to classify soybeans, providing an assertive decision-making process in real-time. A technological tool was created to assist the farmer and the storage unit in the classification of soybeans, considering the perceived reality and potential instruments consistent with the reality of the area. Therefore, a website in Python language was created using the Pandas, Pandas Profiling, Seaborn, Matplotlib, NumPy, Scikit-learn, PyCaret, and Streamlit libraries. In the end, the system could predict whether the soybean is in the standard or non-standard established by the soybean classification normative. In this sense, the results showed the robustness and precision of the proposed new methodology.

The excess of capping agents used during the synthesis of nanoparticles is usually removed by solvent washing. The influence of the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) capping agent in the catalytic activity of palladium nanocubes was evaluated, after different numbers of washing cycles in the purification step performed after the syntheses of the nanoparticles. The effect of PVP amount on the hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds was evaluated in terms of kinetic analysis and diffusion experiments. Five different catalysts were prepared utilizing the washing off procedure. All catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The reaction presented strong influence by the amount of PVP, which was determined to be due to a balance between the amount of capping agent and the structure of the substrate.

RESUMO Apesar de há muito tempo descrita, não existe consenso estabelecido quanto à real existência da cardiomiopatia diabética (CMPDM). Devido à sua complexa fisiopatologia, tem sido árduo à pesquisa clínica e experimental estabelecer conexões claras entre diabetes mellitus (DM) e insuficiência cardíaca (IC), assim como solucionar os mecanismos da doença subjacente do miocárdio. No entanto, as evidências epidemiológicas da relação dessas condições são incontestáveis. O interesse em compreender melhor essa doença tem recrudescido devido aos recentes resultados de ensaios clínicos avaliando novos fármacos hipoglicemiantes, como os inibidores do transportador de sódio-glicose 2, que demonstraram respostas favoráveis, considerando-se a prevenção e tratamento da IC em pacientes portadores de DM. Nesta revisão, percorremos aspectos da epidemiologia da CMPDM e de seus possíveis mecanismos patogênicos, além de apresentarmos os principais fenótipos cardíacos da CMPDM (IC com fração de ejeção preservada e reduzida) e implicações do manejo terapêutico desta doença.

SUMMARY Although long ago described, there is no established consensus regarding the real existence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (CMPDM). Due to its complex pathophysiology, it has been difficult for clinical and experimental research to establish clear connections between diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF), as well as to solve the mechanisms of the underlying myocardial disease. However, the epidemiological evidence of the relationship of these conditions is undisputed. The interest in understanding this disease has intensified due to the recent results of clinical trials evaluating new glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors 2, which demonstrated favorable responses considering the prevention and treatment of HF in patients with DM. In this review we cover aspects of the epidemiology of CMPDM and its possible pathogenic mechanisms, as well as, present the main cardiac phenotypes of CMPDM (HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction) and implications of the therapeutic management of this disease.

Os objetivos deste trabalho consistem na apresentação de um caso de carcinoma apócrino e na discussão de aspectos relacionados ao seu diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico. Os carcinomas com diferenciação apócrina que não correspondem aos casos de doença extramamária de Paget, de carcinoma ductal de mama, de adenocarcinoma das glândulas de Moll e de carcinoma ceruminal são tumores muito raros. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, negra, com 51 anos, na qual duas lesões de carcinoma apócrino acometeram a parótida esquerda (processo inicial e recidiva) e uma lesão envolveu a pele da região submandibular do mesmo lado. O exame histopatológico destas lesões mostrou a presença de neoplasia epitelial glandular infiltrativa com pleomorfismo celular e nuclear moderados; apresentando células poligonais ou arredondadas, com núcleos grandes e citoplasma eosinofílico e granular. Destacou-se a presença de secreção por decapitação apical na maior parte das células tumorais voltadas para a luz das estruturas císticas neoplásicas. Adicionalmente, foi encontrada a presença de focos de comedo-necrose e de material corado pelo PAS com e sem diastase. Apesar de não podermos definir com certeza qual a sede do tumor primário, com base nos aspectos histopatológicos compatíveis com o carcinoma apócrino cutâneo, consideramos que tenha sido, provavelmente, a lesão retirada da pele da região submandibular. A paciente foi submetida a tratamentos cirúrgicos e não apresentou alterações após um ano de acompanhamento, depois da retirada do tumor recidivante na parótida.

The objectives of this paper are to report a case of apocrine carcinoma and the discussion of aspects related to its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Carcinomas with apocrine differentiation not related to extramammary Paget's disease, ductal breast carcinoma, Moll's glands adenocarcinoma and ceruminous glands carcinoma are very uncommon tumors. We report a case of a 51-year-old black woman who developed apocrine carcinoma lesions in the head and neck region. Two lesions involved her left parotid gland (first tumor and local recurrence), and other involved her submandibular skin. The microscopic aspects were as follows: infiltrative glandular epithelial neoplasm with moderate cellular and nuclear pleomorphism; neoplasic cells with polygonal or circular shape, large nuclei and eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. The apical decapitation secretion was viewed in a large number of intra-cystic tumor cells. Moreover, we found areas with comedo-necrosis or PAS positive staining (with or without diastase). Based on cutaneous apocrine carcinoma compatibility of the microscopic aspects, we concluded that the tumor in the submandibular skin was probably the primary neoplasm. The patient was treated by surgical excisions, and no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease has been seen after a follow-up period of 12 months.

Rinólitos são formações calcárias encontrados no interior das fossas nasais, eventualidade rara e facilmente confundida com quadro infeccioso ou obstrutivo de vias áreas superiores. OBJETIVO: Apresentar oito casos de rinolitíase, a demora no diagnóstico, o mecanismo fisiopatogênico, os sintomas apresentados e o posterior tratamento adotado, além de fazer uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Relato de séries. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os autores descrevem oito casos de rinolitíase atendidos no Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, UFF e na Clínica Pires de Mello, Niterói, RJ, no período de janeiro de 1980 a julho de 2002. RESULTADOS: No período acima citado ocorreram oito casos de rinolitíase. Destes, quatro eram homens e quatro mulheres; a idade variou entre sete e 76 anos. O sintoma mais freqüentemente relatado foi obstrução nasal acompanhada de rinorréia mucopurulenta e fetidez. Um caso assintomático foi descrito. Em metade dos casos o rinólito não foi visualizado através da rinoscopia anterior, sendo necessários outros recursos diagnósticos para visualização da massa. Exames complementares, como tomografia computadorizada e radiografia simples de seios paranasais, foram utilizados para melhor localizar e dimensionar o tamanho da massa calcária, assim como estudar o possível comprometimento de estruturas vizinhas. A retirada do rinólito foi efetuada sob anestesia tópica em três dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: A rinolitíase, apesar de entidade rara, deve ser sempre suspeitada em casos de obstrução nasal de longa data, fetidez nasal, rinorréia mucopurulenta e cefaléia crônica.

Rhinoliths are calcareous formations found inside the nose, have rare occurrence and are easily confused with infection or obstruction of superior airways. OBJECTIVES: To report eight cases of rhinolithiasis, the long time to diagnose them, their fisiopathogenic mechanism, associated symptoms and the chosen treatment, and to provide a short bibliographic review about the theme. STUDY DESIGN: Series report. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors describe eight cases of rhinolithiasis seen at University Hospital Antônio Pedro, UFF, and at the Pires de Mello Clinic, Niterói, RJ, between January 1982 and July 2002. RESULTS: In this period eight cases of rhinolithiasis had occurred. Four of them were males and four females, ages from seven to 76 years old. The most frequent symptom related was nasal obstruction with mucopurulent and rhinorhea fetidness. An assymptomatic case was reported. In half of the cases rhinolith was not found through anterior rhinoscopia, and other diagnose methods were necessary to see the mass. Complementary exams like computerized tomography and simple x-ray of paranasal sinus were used to locate and measure the dimension of calcareous mass, and to study possible invasion of the neighboring structures. The removal of rhinolith was done with topic anesthesia in three cases. CONCLUSION: Rhinolithiasis are rare, nevertheless they must be always suspected in cases of long time nasal obstruction, nasal fetidness, mucopurulent rhinorhea and chronic headache.